Carolyn Davidson, also known as the “logo lady,” is an anomaly in the design world. Initially hired in 1971 to create charts and graphs for Blue Ribbon Sports, Davidson was asked by CEO Phil Knight to come up with a last-minute logo for a line of running shoes the company was about to launch.
Davidson created five designs for this project. The one selected continues its reign as the most iconic logo in sportswear today. Davidson completed this project for $35. Aptly named the “Swoosh,” her logo went on to catapult Blue Ribbon Sports into a major international brand, now known as “Nike.”
To show his appreciation, Knight later presented Davidson with 500 shares in the company, which she still owns today. These shares have since been split and are now worth around $1,000,000.
Davidson’s story is far from the norm for most artists, designers, illustrators, or other creatives. Because usually, when a creator completes a piece of work for a client, their client owns that work. The client then uses that work for branding, promotion, and anything else that might generate revenue – with none of this ending up back in the pocket of its original creator.
Что такое роялти NFT?
Royalties are standard in most creative industries like television, film, music and digital media. But visual art is not traditionally a royalty-based profession. When a visual artist completes or sells their work, the artist is paid. At this point, the work no longer belongs to them, but to their buyer. If that buyer sells the work for a profit, none of this profit ends up back in the hands of the artist. This is the case for many other types of creators as well. But this is the old model.
The new model [made possible by NFTs] provides the opportunity for all creators, including visual artists, to earn royalties – or passive income – on their work indefinitely.
Что такое пассивный доход?
Итак, если вы совсем новичок, пассивный доход - это получение денег путем простого владения активами или инвестициями. Подумайте о сборе арендной платы за недвижимость или о наличии в вашем портфеле акций компании, которые приносят регулярные выплаты.
Как роялти NFT создают пассивный доход?
Let’s circle back to the example of a project in the entertainment industry here. Traditionally, when a project in this industry gets made, everyone involved signs a contract. This contract outlines how each participant gets paid. Payment can be cash up front, separate payments based on project milestones, or any number of other ways that allow the participant(s) to get compensated for their work. Either way, most actors, musicians, producers and others involved in these projects have royalties included in their contract(s).
Royalty payments are based on the success of the project. The more views, streams, sales, etc. that the project generates, the more those involved receive royalties [or passive income]. If the project fails, these royalties could be pennies or even nothing.
NFT royalties basically work the same way, but the contracts and royalty payments are digitally generated. NFT contracts live on the blockchain. Meaning that any creator can skip the pre-project contract, create their work, add it to the blockchain, and sell it with the condition that [if it’s successful], they receive a percentage of any future profits generated [from that project].
Как структурированы роялти NFT?
Эта модель получения пассивного дохода включает в себя два основных компонента: смарт-контракты NFT и роялти NFT.
Смарт-контракты NFT
An NFT smart contract is an agreement between the buyer and the seller of a digital asset (in this case, an NFT). An NFT (Non-Fungible Token) is a digital asset that represents an object or concept like art, music, a video, a certificate, or a key that gives the owner exclusive access to something. A smart contract doesn’t require lawyers or other third parties to get involved in creating or overseeing it.
To attach a smart contract to a piece of work, a creator takes their work and mints it. By minting it, the creator turns that work into an NFT, which adds it to the blockchain. The smart contract is now embedded [or attached] to that work indefinitely. Once it’s on the chain, a buyer can purchase it. By purchasing it, the buyer agrees to the terms of the smart contract. These terms may include royalties set by the creator in the event of any future resale of their work. We recommend a 10% royalty, but some creators opt for more.
Роялти НМТ
Anytime the work is resold, the royalties set in the smart contract go to the creator. These royalties go straight into the creator’s digital wallet. The seller keeps the rest. Whether resale happens once, twice or a thousand times, the creator gets the royalties outlined in the smart contract.
NFT royalties can also be used to support fundraising efforts by adding charities or causes to payouts. Creators can allocate a portion or the total amount of their NFT royalties to their favorite charities. This allocation is set in the smart contract during the minting process.
Прозрачность роялти НМТ
Each smart contract uses Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). DLT is essentially an unalterable contract. This unalterable contract is decentralized, meaning that it is not controlled by a single entity; instead by a network of computers that validate its transactions. It also guarantees the authenticity of the NFT by maintaining a record of the original mint made by the creator.
The DLT establishes transparency for the creator, the buyer(s), and the reseller(s) throughout the lifecycle of the NFT. All parties involved in the first transaction and any subsequent transactions have access to who bought the NFT, who sold it, and who is currently holding it. Having access to this information is especially important for the creator who can see whenever their work changes hands and monitor their royalty payouts accordingly.
НФТ без роялти
Не все создатели выбирают роялти при продаже своих НФТ, предпочитая добавить свою работу в блокчейн для единовременной продажи. Поступая таким образом, создатель передает покупателю право делать с произведением все, что он пожелает. Это известно как продажа НФТ без роялти. Хотя этот метод не приносит пассивного дохода, он может помочь авторам, которые только начинают свою деятельность, получить первоначальную известность и закрепиться на рынке. Для покупателей NFT без роялти - это выигрыш, поскольку они получают доход от общей суммы продажи, если и когда они решат перепродать NFT.
Почему создатели должны использовать роялти NFT
Здесь все просто - авторы, совершившие разовую продажу, никогда не получают прибыли от будущего успеха своей работы. Если создатель продает свою работу за $2000, а через три месяца его покупатель продает ту же работу за $8000, то покупатель оставляет себе всю прибыль от новой продажи. Но при наличии смарт-контракта NFT создатель произведения получает роялти от этой новой продажи. В данном случае, если создатель установил роялти в размере 10%, он видит эквивалент 800 долларов [в криптовалюте], поступивших прямо на его цифровой кошелек [при совершении сделки перепродажи].
3 способа получения пассивного дохода на НФТ
Как создатель, продажа своей работы - это один из способов получения пассивного дохода, но есть и другие способы получения новых доходов от НФТ [как для инвесторов, так и для создателей]. К ним относятся:
Продажа НМТ
Заработок авторских отчислений NFT путем продажи своих работ является самым популярным способом получения пассивного дохода. Это довольно просто. Производите НМТ. Монетизируйте свой НМТ. Установите процент роялти. Продайте свой NFT. Как только ваш NFT будет продан, вы получите доход от этой продажи. Если ваш покупатель перепродает ваш НФТ, вы получаете процент с этой новой продажи. И так далее, и так далее.
Ставка на НФТ
Еще один способ заработать роялти NFT - это сделать ставку на NFT. Ставка означает блокировку вашего НМТ. Заложенные НМТ нельзя купить, продать или обменять. Владелец должен удерживать их. В обмен на ставку владелец NFT получает регулярные криптовалютные выплаты. Единственным недостатком ставки является то, что владелец должен удерживать NFT для получения пассивного дохода. Если цена на НФТ упадет, он может потерять деньги. Однако если они планируют держать НФТ в любом случае, стакинг - хороший вариант, чтобы заработать на нем.
Сдача в аренду НМТ
Forget being a property owner – generating cash from renting out NFTs is much easier [and cheaper]. Renting out NFTs is popular in gaming right now. One example would be when a player cannot afford to purchase an NFT required to participate in a play-to-earn game; they can rent that NFT to gain access and earn money.
This model will enter other industries – think fashion, furniture, and other things users will want in the metaverse. Renting out an NFT is simple – you have a smart contract that designates the NFT as a rentable asset. As the owner you select the amount of time or rate that you will rent the NFT out for. Renters select the NFT, pay your rate, use it, then return it the end of the rental period. NFT owners don’t need to search for renters either because the blockchain does this for them.
Заключение
Returns on NFT royalties can add up quickly. For savvy investors, the passive income can easily surpass the revenue generated by other assets like stocks and real estate. Plus, NFT royalties come with little or no maintenance (unless you make a massive commitment to a high-ticket sale, like the artist, Beeple did in March 2021). NFTs are forging a path for all kinds of creators to cash in on their hard work.
Because the generosity that Phil Knight showed his designer, Carolyn Davidson, many moons ago is not the norm. The Knight/Davidson example is a unicorn in the creative space and one that has rarely [if ever] been replicated on that scale since. For traditional employers, agencies and investors, profiting off the creativity of others is one of the many ways that they grow their wealth. This has never been entirely fair. It’s time for creatives to level the playing field and benefit from the wealth accumulated their work through royalties and passive income.
